Want to Work Internationally? Here’s What You Need to Know About Copyright

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Zaha Hadid's Wangjing SOHO in Beijing, which has allegedly been copied by a developer in Chongqing. Image © ZHA

Ideas are precious, precious things. A good one can upend a movement or make a career and they are, of course, worth a great deal. Architects live in a competitive globalized world, and in the race to succeed, defining who owns ideas is becoming increasingly important in an architect's professional life. ArchDaily has previously explained the essential points of architectural copyright and explored the complexities of legal judgments, but what if you want to work internationally? It's a much more complex issue than "China will let people copy what they want" or "Belgians will sue you" and if you want to work outside your home country then it's essential you understand the variables.

Fortunately, we've got you covered: we've pulled together a rundown of the essentials of copyright law
Evidence from the case, comparing the two proposed towers in Miami. Image © U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida, Miami Division
In 2004, Thomas Shine sued David Childs, of SOM, for copyright infringement of his design (the Olympic Tower, left) in Childs' original renderings for the Freedom Tower in New York City (right). Shine won the case. Image Courtesy of Slate.com
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Spotlight: Eero Saarinen

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Son of pioneering Finnish architect Eliel SaarinenEero Saarinen (August 20, 1910 – September 1, 1961) was not only born on the same day, but carried his father's later rational Art Deco into a neofuturist internationalism, regularly using sweeping curves and abundant glass. Saarinen's simple design motifs allowed him to be incredibly adaptable, turning his talent to furniture design with Charles Eames and producing radically different buildings for different clients. Despite his short career as a result of his young death, Saarinen gained incredible success and plaudits, winning some of the most sought out commissions of the mid-twentieth century.

The Miller House and Garden. Image © Indianapolis Museum of Art Washington Dulles International Airport. Image © MWAA

The Tulip Chair. Image © Wikimedia Commons User Knoll.com.
Born in Finland on his father's birthday, Eero followed in the family tradition, studying design under his father at Cranbrook Academy of Art before moving to study in Paris at the end of the 1920s and then the Yale School of
Washington Dulles International Airport. Image © MWAA
North Christian Church, Columbus. Image © Hassan Bagheri
The Miller House and Garden. Image © Indianapolis Museum of Art
Washington Dulles International Airport. Image © MWAA
North Christian Church, Columbus. Image © Hassan Bagheri
MIT Chapel. Image © Flickr User kathia shieh
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Spotlight: Eliel Saarinen

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These days mostly recognized only as the father of EeroEliel Saarinen (August 20, 1873 – July 1, 1950) was an accomplished and style-defining architect in his own right. His pioneering form of stripped down, vernacular Art Nouveau coincided with stirring Finnish nationalism and a corresponding appetite for a romantic national style and consciousness; his Helsinki Central Station became part of Finnish identity along with the Finnish language theaters and literature. Later moving to America, his city planning and Art Deco designs resonated through western cities in the first half of the 20th century. < p class="minis"> Detail from Helsinki Central Station. Image ©  Jean-Pierre Dalbéra The unbuilt plan for the Tribune Tower National Museum of Finland. Image © Wikimedia user Alessio Damato
Finnish Pavillion at the 1900 World's Fair

Graduating from the Helsinki University of Technology at the end of the 19th century, the 1900 World's Fair provided Saarinen with his first opportunity to draw attention. His Finnish Pavilion was an extraordinary mix of the many styles of the period, combining Art Nouveau with traditional Finnish wooden architecture

Helsinki Central Railway Station. Image © Wikimedia user Revontuli
National Museum of Finland. Image © Wikimedia user Alessio Damato
Saarinen's unbuilt plan for the Haaga district of Helsinki
The unbuilt plan for the Tribune Tower
Kleinhans Music Hall, Buffalo. Image © Flickr user bobistraveling
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Self-Aware Nanobots Form Futurist Megastructures in this Thesis Project from the AA

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Courtesy of Dmytro Aranchii
Architecture is a swarm, and a self aware one at that. That's the vision presented by noMad: a built environment made of Buckminster Fuller-like geometric structures that compile themselves entirely autonomously, according to data gathered and processed by the units. Developed by Architectural Association students Dmytro Aranchii, Paul Bart, Yuqiu Jiang, and Flavia Santos, on a basic level noMad's concept is fairly simple - a small unit of motors that is attached to several magnetic faces, which can be reoriented into different shapes. Put multiple units together, however, and noMad's vision becomes an entirely new form of architecture: non-finite, mobile and infinitely adaptable.

Courtesy of Dmytro Aranchii Courtesy of Dmytro Aranchii Courtesy of Dmytro Aranchii Courtesy of Dmytro Aranchii

As noMad's video demonstrates, motorized units are capable of expansion, linear movement and rotational movement. Together, strings of these units are capable of assembling themselves into rudimentary structures, can function as their own cranes and reinforce themselves if needed by rapidly passing units
Courtesy of Dmytro Aranchii
Courtesy of Dmytro Aranchii
Courtesy of Dmytro Aranchii
Courtesy of Dmytro Aranchii
Courtesy of Dmytro Aranchii
Courtesy of Dmytro Aranchii
Courtesy of Dmytro Aranchii
Courtesy of Dmytro Aranchii
Courtesy of Dmytro Aranchii
Courtesy of Dmytro Aranchii
Courtesy of Dmytro Aranchii
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Toronto Takes Top Spot in Metropolis Magazine’s Livable Cities Ranking

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First Place in the Metropolis list of world's most liveable cities: Toronto. Image © Flickr CC user Robert (username: mamonello)
How do you compare cities? It's difficult to collapse millions of individual subjective experiences into a single method of comparison, but one popular technique used in recent years has been to judge a city's "livability." But what does this word actually mean? In their 2015 ranking of the world's most livable cities, Metropolis Magazine has gathered together a group of experts on city planning, urban life, tourism and architecture to break down "livability" into the categories they think matter and draw upon Metropolis' considerable urban coverage to produce one of the most thorough attempts to rank world series yet attempted. Find out the results after the break. Without further ado, Metropolis' Top Three: 1. Toronto
© Flickr CC user paul bica
© Flickr CC user paul bica

2. Tokyo

© Flickr user Francisco Diez
© Flickr user Francisco Diez

3.

© Mikko Paananen
Lagos. Image © Flickr user dotun55
Shenzhen. Image © Wikimedia user SSD Penguin
Valparaíso. Image © Flickr user Gonzalo Pineda
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Why Urban Planners Need to Think Twice About “Aging in Place”

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Meramec Bluffs Retirement Community in Missouri.. Image © Wikimedia user Luke Smith
In many western countries, the demographic pyramid is beginning to look inverted, as elderly populations grow and increasingly few children are born at the other end of the scale. How, asks Metropolis Magazine, does society provide for the growing ranks of the retired and newly elderly? Elderly care scandals and and discomfort with the idea of retirement communities has led to a search for ways to care for senior citizens in their own homes. Urban planning expert Deane Simpson, however, warns against accepting the idea of what he calls "aging in place" entirely uncritically: his exploration of the way current retirement communities function goes into the social motivations behind care homes and the United States' elderly communities, and discusses the future of retirement for the emerging baby-boomer generation of retirees. Read the full story over at Metropolis Magazine here.

Spotlight: Kengo Kuma

via Screenshot from AD Interviews: Kengo Kuma
via Screenshot from AD Interviews: Kengo Kuma

Kengo Kuma (born 8th August, 1956) is one of the most significant Japanese figures in contemporary architecture. His reinterpretation of traditional Japanese architectural elements for the 21st century has involved serious innovation in uses of natural materials, new ways of thinking about light and lightness and architecture that enhances rather than dominates. His buildings don't attempt to fade into the surroundings through simple gestures, as some current Japanese work does, but instead his architecture attempts to manipulate traditional elements into statement-making architecture that still draws links with the area its built in. These high-tech remixes of traditional elements and influences have proved popular across Japan and beyond, and his recent works have begun expanding out of Japan to China and the West.

Green Cast. Image © Kengo Kuma & Associates GC Prostho Museum Research Center. Image © Daici Ano Même – Experimental House. Image © Kengo Kuma & Associates Shun Shoku Lounge by Guranavi. Image © Kengo Kuma & Associates

Asakusa Culture and Tourism Centre. Image © Wikimedia user Kakidai

Born in Yokohoma and graduating from the University of Tokyo in 1979,

Great (Bamboo) Wall Commune. Image © Wikimedia user ぷくぷく
Shun Shoku Lounge by Guranavi. Image © Kengo Kuma & Associates
Green Cast. Image © Kengo Kuma & Associates
GC Prostho Museum Research Center. Image © Daici Ano
Même – Experimental House. Image © Kengo Kuma & Associates
Shun Shoku Lounge by Guranavi. Image © Kengo Kuma & Associates
Nest We Grow / College of Environmental Design UC Berkeley + Kengo Kuma & Associates. Image © Shinkenchiku-sha
Cite des Arts et de la Culture. Image © Nicolas Waltefaugle
Starbucks Coffee. Image © Masao Nishikawa
Xinjin Zhi Museum. Image © Kengo Kuma & Associates
Yusuhara Wooden Bridge Museum. Image © Takumi Ota Photography
Yusuhara Marche. Image © Takumi Ota Photography
Camper Store Milano. Image © Zeno Zotti
Marronier Court. Image © Daici Ano
Casalgrande Old House. Image © Marco Introini
Shimonoseki-shi Kawatana Onsen Koryu Center. Image © Mitsumasa Fujitsuka
Nest We Grow / College of Environmental Design UC Berkeley + Kengo Kuma & Associates. Image © Shinkenchiku-sha
Kanayama Community Center. Image © Takeshi Yamagishi
Lucien Pellat-Finet Shinsaibashi. Image © Daici Ano
Contemporary Art Center – FRAC. Image © Nicolas Waltefaugle
Kyushu Geibunkan. Image © Kengo Kuma & Associates
Shiseikan. Image © Fujita Syashin Kobo
SunnyHills at Minami-Aoyama. Image © Daici Ano
Towada Community Plaza. Image © Kenta Hasegawa
GC Prostho Museum Research Center. Image © Daici Ano
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